When Hazlewood heard about the mistake he had made his story changed to "non-traditional" viewing. As more questions came in the story changed to a computer link to the Hubble Space Telescope. Unfortunately for Hazlewood the Hubble cannot view objects close to the sun. Oops!

So this "100% confirmed sighting" as Hazlewood called it changed from a "large telescope with filters" to "non traditional viewing" to a computer link to Hubble.

This is probably why Nancy Lieder wanted nothing to do with Hazlewood, he is not smart enough to tell a good lie!

There were supposedly 3 sightings of Planet X in 2001. They have been called "documented", "confirmed" and "verified" sightings. These sightings are extremely doubtful and apparently many believers in Planet X 2003 don't believe in these sightings either. There are several good reasons.

At Lowell the telescope used was a 16 inch telescope used for public viewing. No filter was used and the observatory staffer supposedly agreed that it was a magnitude 11 object.

At Vancouver, a 19 inch telescope was used, again with no red filter. PX was supposedly seen easily.

In both cases, people without any experience with telescopes using moderate sized instruments simply looked and there it was. These were very nice instruments, although not the huge observatory telescopes we read about and see pictures of.

The problem is that there are many thousands of amateurs who could see what were seen at these 2 sightings. There are many amateurs with smaller scopes with CCD cameras that could image beyond what could be seen visually with these scopes. Nothing has been seen by amateurs, and the Zetans now say that nothing but an observatory scope can see it until mid 2002. The object was confirmed as an 11th magnitude object, something that could be seen with a small telescope. Either these were not true sightings or a few hundred thousand amateurs worldwide should be able to see it.

The 3rd sighting was at Neuchatel. This was reported by someone with tt-france that "the daughter of the astronomer reports that they suspect a comet or a brown dwarf".

Oddly it turns out that Neuchatel no longer does professional observations.

Neuchatel is now open for amateur use only. The French message also states that the object was found near the arm of Orion. The Zeta Map shows Planet X to be in Taurus in early 2001.

Quite a stretch to call these "documented", "confirmed or "verified".

For more thorough debunking of the Planet X myth I recommend astronomer Phil Plait’s website www.badastronomy.com which supports the material presented here.

All that had happened was the effect of the precession of the equinoxes. The sun was gradually rising in a different position – apparently moving backwards through the astrological houses – as the years progressed. Their star maps – i.e. the daily and seasonal activity of their ‘gods’ – was increasingly becoming inaccurate. Therefore, reasons had to be found to explain this. Consequently new mythologies developed to give reason to what seemed inexplicable at the time.

Today, we know where the stars are, where they go, how they move progressively over time. We can predict the positions of the heavens well into the future and we can accurately map where they have been throughout our history. We know that we move around the sun, and the precessional cycle takes us through an apparent 25,920 year retrograde journey through the houses of the zodiac, in each of which we reside for 2160 years.

The early astronomers however were not in possession of such facts. They did not know that their ‘perfect’ ordered heavens and gods were constantly shifting over thousands of years and would not return to their ‘original’ state of ‘order’ in theirs or their immediate descendants’ lifetimes.

But they had enough mathematical knowledge to realise that the heavenly circle could be evenly divided into 12 sections of a 360 degree circle, each of which occupying 30 degrees of arc, defined by one discernible constellation in each house. Obviously, a correlation between this dial-like ring around the Earth which shifted through an entire circuit each year, was observed in relation to the regular waxing and waning cycles of the moon. So, early calendars were developed; some based on the moon cycles and others on the sun, whilst attempts were made (for many hundreds of years) to synchronise the lunar and solar cycles. However, because both cycles do not correlate and gradually move out of synch, myths developed to explain the tensions between the moon and sun, and why they ‘ruled’ time in different ways. Reconciliation myths developed to explain also the fact that cycles of heavenly bodies not only moved out of synchronisation (into chaos), but also would eventually come back into a period of apparent synchronisation (order).

So began the idea that ‘in the beginning’ (i.e. from the point at which they had created their maps, which they had assumed was an eternal order) was a ‘golden age’, when man and gods lived in harmony. There was harmony in ‘heaven’, and also because of this, on earth. Historically, of course, the rise of the Sumerians had been a ‘golden age’, wherein the lot of mankind had been enormously benefited by new emerging technologies and understanding, the suppression of indigenous barbarism etc. which the early Sumerian kings had brought to Mesopotamia.

By then, old tales of great god-men and women who brought culture, began to be re-written as the 'gods' rebelling in the heavens – creating increasing disorder, chaos, from a time of 'perfection' (the original star map which they thought was fixed). The lesser gods were rebelling, the orbits were changing their once apparently ordered synchronisation. The Golden Age was gone; when would it be restored? Astrological calculations were made as to when the order and reconcilliations would re-occur in the large precessional cycle as well as the smaller yearly solar, lunar and planetary cycles. The events on Earth would reflect the activities in the heavens, and so the heavens were observed for portents of good and ill.

This was also a time of a relative decline of the power of the Sumerian aristocracy in Babylon, which saw the rise of the power of the indigenous Semitic priesthoods. Warfare with other countries and tribes was increasingly troubling the land, and was attributed to the course and plight of the gods and fates in the ‘heavens’.

In the attempt to create a unified explanation of the relationship between heaven and earth, all kinds of motifs were being written

– the world serpent spinning the earth (in the Vedas), the world mill spinning the heavens (the zodiac) etc. The world mill would grind sustenance for the people and so bread became a common astronomically-related motif (as in the biblical reference to ‘manna from heaven’). Other myths had the mill grinding salt, because of the view that the heavens were a huge salty sea. The gods now had fights with bows (the archer) and shot dogs (Sirius, the Dog Star) etc. The corn/sun god Osiris/Ra went underground at night to fight the evil serpent, to be resurrected in his solar bark – shining back into the sky. The ‘shining ones’ travelled in celestial chariots – ships of light travelling through space and the sky – who were the 'watchers' of man and the Lords of man’s fate – interfering and interacting 'as above, so below'. THEY could do that to man and the environment – bring life and death and fate – but man could not affect THEM. They had their own rules, could die and return, commit crimes, incest etc. but were intrinsically ‘allowed’, as the rules of the gods were absolutely outside the realm of mankind to affect and could be judged only by each other, and ultimately by the Supreme Judge – i.e. whoever happened to be seen by the people and priests as the ultimate head of their pantheon.

One of the most prominent motifs in mythologies throughout the world is the idea that the heavens are suspended upon an axis, around which they revolve. There are many world axes, including heavenly mills, sacred mountains, pillars and ladders to the heavens. The heavens are also frequently symbolically classed as a ‘sea’ in which the gods either swim (the fish symbol of the sun/Jesus) or upon which the gods sail in their eternal travels, or adventures and wars. Some temples – such as Sumerian ziggurats (in which the priestess/goddess would be placed in the apex) and perhaps the Egyptian pyramids – which were often astronomical observatories, incorporating earthly and cosmic mathematics and geometry into their design, were seen as earthly ‘bonds’ between heaven and earth, and were also ‘world pillars’, like the fabled Tower of Babel. The motif of the goddess looking down from a high window, such as in a castle, is a common theme and indicates to those ‘with eyes to see’ that the tale is an astronomical/astrological one. Hence mythologies including the motifs of the princess (the Mother Goddess/sea of space/moon) captured (fixed) in a tower (the world axis) being rescued by a noble son/prince/hero (the sungod), who slays the dragon (the force of darkness and opposition/chaos).

As is the case today in Islam, the circle is associated with the Oneness of God, and the square with the Earth, or earthliness. This derives from the symbolism of the circular zodiac and the old Babylonian maps which defined the known world as a square area. Numerous motifs can be found in mythology in which a stone (temples and Neolithic observatories and calendars such as Stonehenge were made of stone) symbolises the bond between heaven and earth, and when the stone is removed or destroyed, then ‘the waters’ come flooding out causing a catastrophe. For example, this myth was associated with ancient Jerusalem, where it was believed the ‘waters’ of ‘the earth’ (in mythology, ‘the earth’ is frequently a symbol of the heavens) all gathered beneath Jerusalem’s temple (astronomical/ astrologically aligned bond of heaven and earth) and must be kept in place to prevent another great flood. The motif of a stone falling from heaven or pillar being removed, resulting in a ‘fall, catastrophe or flood would represent the movement from order to chaos and the end of an astrological aeon; a pillar being erected towards heaven being symbolic of the establishment of order and the beginning of entry into a new astrological age.

If we consider a prominent example of the world-pillar motif – Jacob of the Bible – we find that the original Sumerian rendering of his name is IA-A-GUB, which means ‘standing stone, or pillar’. Jacob is said to have erected a pillar at Beth-El, devoted to his god. He also experienced a vision of a stairway to heaven which allowed the angels (gods) to ascend and descend to Earth. However, the biblical tale clearly overshadows the fact that the Jacob myth is a later rendition of a common theme in which Jacob is a god, a sungod, surrounded by the 12 houses of the zodiac – which became the origin of the legend of the 12 tribes of Israel. Pantheons of 12 gods exist in mythologies all over the world, for obvious reasons.

Every 2160 years, the sun would rise in a particular house of the zodiac. So the sun (symbolised as the ‘son’ of god) was ‘born’ of a virgin (the Virginal pre-existent void of space – the sea called Mery/Mary, Tiamat etc.) into a New Age at the beginning of each era and would traverse through the childhood phase to adulthood, to eventually die on the cross (the symbol of the sun and the 4 major divisions of the world and sky) and be reborn at the beginning of the succeeding astrological sign – i.e. at the point where it left the 30 degrees or arc of that particular house. Consequently, we have numerous ‘saviours’ or sungods, or sons of god being born of a virgin (the void/sea of space) and dying at the ‘age’ of 30, of whom Jesus is a very late and contrived example.

Central to religious beliefs of the ages is the concept that the sungod messiah will ‘come again’ and a New Golden Age be restored to rule over the new order of the heavens/gods, and consequently of the affairs of man. There have been numerous ‘sons of the waters’ motifs from Moses, to Jesus’s baptism, or portrayal through the symbol of the fish etc; from the Vedic fire god Agni and sun god Karna (who, like Moses is a royal babe drawn from the waters).

But the idea of a heavenly sea or space suspended on an earthly pillar, which ends in cataclysm and warfare of gods has been portrayed in many more ways than those with which we are mainly familiar through the symbolism of the Bible.

For example, Plato’s Atlantis myth revolved around a discussion with the astronomer Timaeus. The text is initially at great pains to emphasise Timaeus’s position as the premier astronomer, and proceeds to tell us of a legendary island (world pillar motif) which was established by the gods (planets and stars) in a Golden Age, which then was involved in a ‘fall’; into warfare, and finally destruction by crumbling into the sea (order into chaos and destruction into the sea of the heavens prior to a re-establishment of a New astrological Age). The ‘gods’ in this case are said to dwell ‘outside the pillars of Hercules’, which are usually taken to mean the Straits of Gibraltar, but in accordance with the ancient code, most likely refer to the pillars or gates through which the ‘Milky Way’ flows, or some such similar astronomical reference. Why would Plato spend so much time impressing upon us that the character of Timaeus was an astronomer, and that they were speaking in symbolism, if the text were not primarily concerned with the course of the heavens? One thing the texts of Critias and Timaeus make clear is that they are not to be taken literally. So why do people today read them so and see them as the first records of an ancient island kingdom populated by gods or aliens? Certainly, there are many submerged once-populated areas of the world and sunken landmasses, but it does not mean that any of them were Atlantis, or populated by advanced people, aliens or gods before the end of the last Ice Age. Especially when we consider that the fabled gods of Atlantis were also associated with the cosmic bodies, and their names were derived from the titles of the ancient historical kings of Sumer, which dates them no earlier than the late 4^th millennium BC.

(The sheer mass of such astronomical/astrological symbolism throughout world mythology is the subject of Hamlet’s Mill by de Santillana and Von Dechend, and is highly recommended to all readers in ancient mythology.)

The activities of the gods created fear in the minds of men. The gods fought each other and moved – apparently – out of the harmony of the Golden Age, bringing calamity to the people on Earth. Man was taught to fear the gods, and to observe them, to worship them and their (in reality the priests’) edicts, in order to ensure a certain future. The gods could strike down upon them famine, flood, wind or earthquake, should the people displease them. In reality, the idea of ‘god’s punishment’ derived from a need to explain why natural disasters occurred to people, and many elements of religion were later derived from scribes inserting their own explanations as to why such things should occur. They thereby turned many ancient characters into ‘sinners’, who were not originally considered to have been so.

One also should consider the enormous power which early astronomer-priests had over the ignorant masses by knowing when and where certain cosmic events were going to occur. When the people needed to be persuaded one way or the other, they would be told to look to the skies for a ‘sign from the gods’. If such a sign was to occur, as opposed to another, then the ‘gods’ had decreed such a thing. Of course, the priests and their kings knew exactly what would be happening, and would be merely conning the general public into handing over their power and consent. Such devious priestly machinations are also recorded in popular myth, such as the ‘prophecies’ of Merlin, the archetypal king’s shaman/priest.

Numerous myths developed on the theme of the Golden Age, ‘the beginning’ which was perfect, and moved into a period of strife in which gods and men experienced a ‘fall’ into chaos or sin and eventually a catastrophe – usually a great flood (the sea motif again representing whole of visible space) from which emerged another cycle, replete with a new messianic figure or hero (the sun emerging into another zodiacal house). And countless variations on this basic story have been told throughout the ages.

But only the early priests philosophers and educated aristocracies knew that the gods were the stars and planets. The general working classes were not educated enough to understand the complexities of geometry, maths and science needed to map, record and predict the cycles and seasons of earth and sky. So they were given superficial tales of gods and wars of the ages. And these tales would eventually coalesce into the religions we know today.

The earliest secret societies and mystery schools derived from the early scientific associations of these elite individuals, who grew to savour the power they maintained over the people because they possessed advanced knowledge which they passed down to their successors, whilst the general populace toiled in ignorance, and were effectively controlled by the priests and kings who could more effectively control them with a threat from the gods, than with a threat of physical force. Today, we are still ‘ruled’ by those who have had such advanced knowledge passed on to them through aristocratic bloodline heritage and inheritance via secret society networks which go back to Egypt, Babylon and Sumer.

An early branch of the secret societies was the early seafarers who were sent to new lands to exploit the mineral wealth of other countries, to bring it home and increase the wealth and prosperity of their kings and queens. Such ancient mariners needed to understand the nature of the heavens and the seasons to effectively navigate and return with their booty. This knowledge could be effectively encoded into popular tales and myths, whilst keeping rival cultures in the dark. (Zecharia Sitchin would treat this entire subject as evidence that the ‘alien gods’ used mankind as slaves to mine mineral wealth all over the world, and the fact that this occurred in areas as remote as South America and Sumer is also taken as evidence that they must have travelled in advanced craft – rather than the true explanation: they simply went in boats.)

The early Sumerians, Egyptians and Phoenicians, for example, sailed to the British isles to mine tin, gold, jet etc. Here they found a country populated by people who did not yet know the wealth of such minerals, and had not created an empire like theirs which depended upon such materials. They were organised into a great mining workforce by the early argonauts and were thus influenced by their beliefs and ‘mysteries’. The seafarers then would return to their own lands replete with mineral wealth, whilst guarding their secret sources jealously from other seafaring merchants and traders. As French researcher Gilbert Pillot revealed in his book, The Secret Code of the Odyssey, encoded into Homer’s Odyssey, is a detailed astronomical navigational manual for early mariners on how to sail from the Mediterranean to Britain and back.

One of the facts which one never sees in popular books on ancient monuments, leylines and New Age books on the ancient ‘masters’ etc. is the fact that all the ancient monuments in Britain are to be found in the ancient mining districts, where the early seafaring traders came to exploit the minerals of Britain. The reason why academia and New Age theorists cannot reconcile the advanced knowledge of how the primitive indigenous population came to build accurate cosmic clocks and maps such as Stonehenge, is because they were not the inventors of this technology. They also ignore the fact that Sumerian astronomical inscriptions were found on the altar stones of both Castlerigg and Stonehenge stone circles. How many times do we hear the repeated mantra that ‘nobody actually knows for sure who built these monuments and why’? Total rubbish!

We know that the Mesopotamians and Egyptians were far more advanced in that era than those in Britain, and it was they who needed and designed these monuments in the areas they had travelled hundreds and thousands of miles to exploit the local people’s manpower, in order that they could reap the minerals and return by sea to their homelands. These ancient travellers would, over time, travel as far as India, via the Indus, Peru, to Australia and New Zealand (where Egyptian and Phoenician inscriptions have been found), and China, where traces of the Sumerian/Egyptian cultures have been found in the shape of common mythologies and god names, the global use of ancient Sumerian ‘megalithic yard’ in building projects, pyramids, stone monuments, linguistic similarities etc.

There is absolutely no need to theorise and speculate that advanced beings or aliens erected these monuments, that they needed advanced spacecraft to travel such distances, nor that they are remnants of ‘pre-flood’ Atlantean culture etc.

So it is plain to see how massively important it was to create and maintain secret orders and disguise astronomical and astrological knowledge in coded myths and legends. The aristocratic bloodlines of old have continued to maintain their secret societies and secret knowledge up to the present day. They are still fermenting erroneous beliefs and religions to disguise the knowledge which would deliver their power into the hands of the masses. Today, we are well aware of the motions of the stars and planets and how to navigate the oceans, and yet the very myths created to secrete such knowledge in ancient times is still the subject of confusion and the source of religious and cultic belief systems, which are evolving into new religions and myths day by day.

So how does all this relate to Sitchin et al?

The Curious Ages of the Ancient Kings

The two main factors upon which Sitchin has based his theory of the coming of ancient ET gods are the evidence that the Sumerians knew about the outer planets and the unknown planet ‘Nibiru’ (dealt with above), and the long lengths of reign given in the various king lists to the early kingships (see Readers’ Forum, previous issue of this magazine). These early kings with huge life-spans are deemed by Sitchin to be equivalent to the biblical Nephilim, and who came to earth originally from the Twelfth Planet 445,000 years ago, led by Enki. Sitchin’s chronology is reliant upon the Sumerian king list being an accurate record of the regnal lengths of the pre-flood kings.

As I showed in the previous magazine, this part of the king list was created in Babylonian times, and disagrees with the earlier Sumerian lists which not only give realistic dates for the early kings, but which also do not include a flood or pre-flood list. The pre-flood list was shown by Prof LA Waddell to be actually a later variation on the post-flood king list which was prefixed by the Isin priests of Babylon to itself and separated by the then newly created flood myth.

The reason for which seems to have entirely escaped Sitchin, and just about everyone else who has looked upon the king list as an historical document (as many have the Atlantis myth).

All of the eight lengths given in the Babylonian king list (see issue 24) are multiples of 3600, a number known as a ‘sar’ in the Babylonian tongue and according to Sitchin also means ‘a completed cycle’ (so the clues are there!). Another Sumerian list details 10 antediluvian kings; again all regnal lengths are multiples of 3600. This is no coincidence. Neither are these numbers relating to the actual life-spans of the kings (especially as the same kings are recorded later in the lists with much shorter life-spans), but to astronomical and astrological measurements related to relative positions of the heavenly bodies. These Babylonian priests were also the same astronomers that I mentioned earlier, who took extant histories and texts and used them to record their data concerning the positions of the stars and planets, and the cycles of the zodiac.

The number 3600 was arrived at, not because of the 3600 year cycle of Sitchin’s mysterious ‘planet’ Nibiru, but because it is an early measurement mathematically related to the 360 degrees of the circle, used to calculate the cycles of the zodiacal year, and the various divisions of the stars and planets into their associated constellations. This was the age of the birth of astronomy and astrology as we know it today, as well as the age of the birth of the great world religions. For example, the Brahmans of India inherited much from Babylon and took this knowledge in their own direction and incorporated it into the great work called the Vedas. The Jews would collate such myths and interweave them into a loose historical framework and create the Bible.

The following extract by Donald Mackenzie illustrates the derivation of the familiar 360 degrees in a circle (or the 3600), from ancient mathematical systems, and how they have influenced Babylonian and Vedic astronomy and astrology, as well as their relationship with the Vedic and Babylonian king lists:

Of special interest among the many problems presented by Babylonian astronomical lore is the theory of Cosmic periods or Ages of the Universe. In the Indian, Greek, and Irish mythologies there are four Ages – the Silvern (white), Golden (yellow), the Bronze (red), and the Iron (black). As has been already indicated, Mr. R. Brown, jun., shows that “the Indian system of Yugas, or ages of the world, presents many features which forcibly remind us of the Euphratean scheme". The Babylonians had ten antediluvian kings, who were reputed to have reigned for vast periods, the total of which amounted to 120 saroi, or 432,000 years. These figures at once recall the Indian Maha-yuga of 4,320,000 years = 432,000 x 10. Apparently the Babylonian and Indian systems of calculation were of common origin. In both countries the measurements of time and space were arrived at by utilizing the numerals 10 and 6.

When primitive man began to count he adopted a method which comes naturally to every schoolboy; he utilized his fingers. Twice five gave him ten, and from ten he progressed to twenty, and then on to a hundred and beyond. In making measurements his hands, arms, and feet were at his service. We are still measuring by feet and yards (standardized strides) in this country, while those who engage in the immemorial art of knitting, and, in doing so, repeat designs found on neolithic pottery, continue to measure in finger breadths, finger lengths, and hand breadths as did the ancient folks who called an arm length a cubit. Nor has the span been forgotten, especially by boys in their games with marbles; the space from the end of the thumb to the end of the little finger when the hand is extended must have been an important measurement from the earliest times.

(In India "finger counting" [Kaur guna] is associated with prayer or the repeating of mantras. The counting is performed by the thumb, which, when the hand is drawn up, touches the upper part of the third finger. The two upper "chambers" of the third finger are counted, then the two upper "chambers" of the little finger; the thumb then touches the tip of each finger from the little finger to the first; when it comes down into the upper chamber of the first finger 9 is counted. By a similar process each round of 9 on the right hand is recorded by the left up to 12; 12 X 9 = 108 repetitions of a mantra. The upper "chambers" of the fingers are the "best" or "highest" [uttama], the lower [adhama] chambers are not utilized in the prayer-counting process. When Hindus sit cross-legged at prayers, with closed eyes, the right hand is raised from the elbow in front of the body, and the thumb moves each time a mantra is repeated; the left hand lies palm upward on the left knee, and the thumb moves each time nine mantra have been counted.)

As he made progress in calculations, the primitive Babylonian appears to have been struck by other details in his anatomy besides his sets of five fingers and five toes. He observed, for instance, that his fingers were divided into three parts and his thumb into two parts only; four fingers multiplied by three gave him twelve, and multiplying 12 by 3 he reached

36. Apparently the figure 6 attracted him. His body was divided into 6 parts – 2 arms, 2 legs, the head, and the trunk; his 2 ears, 2 eyes, and mouth, and nose also gave him 6. The basal 6, multiplied by his 10 fingers, gave him 60, and 60 x 2 (for his 2 hands) gave him 120. In Babylonian arithmetic 6 and 60 are important numbers, and it is not surprising to find that in the system of numerals the signs for I and 10 combined represent 60.

In fixing the length of a mythical period his first great calculation of 120 came naturally to the Babylonian, and when he undertook to measure the Zodiac he equated time and space by fixing on 120 degrees. His first zodiac was the Sumerian lunar zodiac, which contained thirty moon chambers associated with the “Thirty Stars" of the tablets, and referred to by Diodorus as “Divinities of the Council". The chiefs of the Thirty numbered twelve. In this system the year began in the winter solstice. Mr. Hewitt has shown that the chief annual festival of the Indian Dravidians begins with the first full moon after the winter festival, and Mr. Brown emphasizes the fact that the list of Tamil (Dravidian) lunar and solar months are named like the Babylonian constellations. "Lunar chronology", wrote Professor Max Muller, "seems everywhere to have preceded solar chronology." The later Semitic Babylonian system had twelve solar chambers and the thirty-six constellations.

Each degree was divided into sixty minutes, and each minute into sixty seconds. The hours of the day and night each numbered twelve.

Multiplying 6 by 10 (pur), the Babylonian arrived at 60 (soss); 60 x 10 gave him 600 (ner), and 600 X 6, 3600 (sar), while 3600 x 10 gave him 36,000, and 36,000 X 12, 432,000 years, or 120 saroi, which is equal to the "sar" multiplied by the "soss" X 2. "Pur" signifies "heap" – the ten fingers closed after being counted; and "ner" signifies "foot ". Mr. George Bertin suggests that when 6 X 10 fingers gave 60 this number was multiplied by the ten toes, with the result that 600 was afterwards associated with the feet (ner). The Babylonian sign for 10 resembles the impression of two feet with heels closed and toes apart. This suggests a primitive record of the first round of finger counting.

In India this Babylonian system of calculation was developed during the Brahmanical period. The four Yugas or Ages, representing the four fingers used by the primitive mathematicians, totalled 12,000 divine years, a period which was called a Maha-yuga; it equalled the Babylonian 120 saroi, multiplied by 100. Ten times a hundred of these periods gave a "Day of Brahma ".

Each day of the gods, it was explained by the Brahmans, was a year to mortals. Multiplied by 360 days, I2,000 divine years equalled 4320000 human years. This Maha-yuga, multiplied by 1000, gave the "Day of Brahma" as 4,320,000,000 human years.

The shortest Indian Yuga is the Babylonian 120 saroi multiplied by 10 = 1200 divine years for the Kali Yuga; twice that number gives the Dvapara Yuga of 2400 divine years; then the Treta Yuga is 2400 + 1200 = 3600 divine years, and Krita Yuga 3600 + 1200 = 4800 divine years.

The influence of Babylonia is apparent in these calculations. During the Vedic period "Yuga" usually signified a "generation", and there are no certain references to the four Ages as such. The names "Kali", “Dvapara”, “Treta”, and “Krita” "occur as the designations of throws of dice". It was after the arrival of the "late comers", the post-Vedic Aryans, that the Yuga system was developed in India.

In Indian Myth and Legend it is shown that the Indian and Irish Ages have the same colour sequence: (1) White or Silvern, (2) Red or Bronze, (3) Yellow or Golden, and (4) Black or Iron. The Greek order is: (1) Golden, (2) Silvern, (3) Bronze, and (4) Iron.

The Babylonians coloured the seven planets as follows: the moon, silvern; the sun, golden; Mars, red; Saturn, black; Jupiter, orange; Venus, yellow; and Mercury, blue.

As the ten antediluvian kings who reigned for 120 saroi had an astral significance, their long reigns corresponding “with the distances separating certain of the principal stars in or near the ecliptic" it seems highly probable that the planets were similarly connected with mythical ages which were equated with the “four quarters” of the celestial regions and the four regions of the earth, which in the Gaelic story are called “the four red divisions of the world”.