Two Failed National
Security Council Policies: UFO Denial and UFO Extraterrestrialism
Sidney
Shalett with full cooperation from the intelligence section of the Air
Force's Project Grudge published a two part article that appeared on
April 30 and May 7, 1949 in The Saturday Evening Post titled "What You
Can Believe About flying Saucers". This was the first article to explain
nationally the Air Force position on the flying saucer enigma. This
article skewed flying saucer reports and the concept of flying saucers
into absurdity and ridicule. Robert Ginna and H.B. Darrach published,
again with full cooperation of the Air Force, a two part article on
April 7 and April 14, 1952 in Life magazine titled "Have We Visitors
From Space?". In this article the Air Force endorsed the
extraterrestrial viewpoint as an explanation for the appearance and
origin of the flying saucer phenomenon.
In three
short years and in two major national publications the Air Force
position went from rigid denial of the existence of the phenomenon to
the promotion of the extraterrestrial hypothesis as an explanation for
the appearance and origin of the unidentified flying objects. It now can
be viewed the two articles were part of a disinformation campaign
designed by the NSC to conceal from the American people the fact that a
unique non-human technology was operating advanced aeronautical devices
in the atmosphere and from the oceans of the Earth.
The
promotion of the extraterrestrial hypotheses was apparently viewed as a
more manageable policy by the NSC and the Joint Chiefs of Staff, as
opposed to the continued denial of the phenomenon's reality whose
incidence of sightings was on the increase. Both policies eventually
became workable together in undermining the phenomenon's reality and
creating a deceptive focal point. Behind the scenes, events almost
unbelievable appear to have provided the motivation for the development
of these policies. Freedom of information act releases discredit the
veracity of both these national articles promoted by the NSC.
In part
one of Sidney Shalett's two-part article published on April 30, 1949
Shalett opened with the Air Force's considerable and understandable
reluctance to set up a special project to investigate the reported
phenomenon. He mentions the Arnold story (first popular flying saucer
sighting) being reported in "Fate" magazine which styles itself as a
"cosmic reporter" and mentions that some later reports of UFOs obviously
came from hoaxers and publicity seekers. Capt. Thomas F. Mantell's P-51
disintegrated chasing Venus was the conclusion of Dr. J. Allen Hynek,
the Air Forces astronomer hired to investigate UFO reports, but later,
insiders from the Naval Research Laboratory told Shalett that Capt.
Mantell was chasing a Navy cosmic ray balloon. However illogical and
absurd the fact that unexplained things were flying over America, the
Air Force could not afford a closed mind. Almost one page was devoted to
the RAWIN radar target balloons being the source of the sightings.
In part
two published May 7, 1949 Shalett makes it clear that the men who
constitute the high command of the USAF do not believe in the flying
saucers, flying disks, or space ships from Mars or Russia. Even Generals
have seen strange things in the sky. A quote from Gen. Carl Spaatz, "If
the American people are capable of getting so excited over something
which doesn't exist God help us if anyone ever plasters us with a real
atomic bomb". Pilots were known to see strange things, they were usually
the cause of black outs, vertigo, self hypnosis, and other sensory
Illusions. There was evidence of hoaxes and the mass hysteria syndrome
was possibly being propelled by rumor. Shalett wrapped up the article
with distinguished scientist and Noble Prizewinner Dr. Irving Langmuir.
Irving had spent a lifetime debunking "pathological science" and lumped
flying saucers into this category. When asked by Shalett what he would
advise the Air Force about flying saucers, Irving snapped, "Forget It".
Hidden
from public knowledge at that time and later obtained through a freedom
of information act query, was a classified intelligence document titled
"AMC Opinion Concerning 'Flying Disks' "dated Sept. 28, 1947. Part of
the document stated "The phenomenon reported is something real and not
visionary or fictitious" and... "The reported operating characteristics
such as extreme rate of climb, maneuverability (particularly in roll),
and action which must be considered evasive when sighted or contacted by
friendly aircraft and radar, lend belief to the possibility that some of
the objects are controlled either manually, automatically or remotely".
Free of
bias in 1948 the British were viewing the UFO events taking place in
America from a unique perspective. England had very few UFO sightings
and they watched with great interest the peculiar American event as it
unfolded. On March 5, 1948 at a meeting of the British ôbrain trustö a
group of superiors from the British Interplanetary Society, a question
was put "What are the views of the brain trust on flying saucers?" Of
the five members, two had no comment, two cautioned an open mind but
suggested the matter was absurd, the last, Arthur C. Clark, viewed the
fact that 90 percent of the flying objects were being reported over
America and not over the rest of the planet, this was an unlikely
condition for alien visitation. [1]
In May,
1950 a little over one year after the publishing of the Shalett UFO
denial article editor Jim Bishop of Fawcett Gold Metal Books reported
the Pentagon had applied ôa lot of pressureö to prevent the publishing
of Donald Keyhoe's book "The Flying Saucers Are Real". Bishop challenged
the Pentagon to prove publication of the book would do the country harm.
The official Pentagon reply was that it had "no interest" in Keyhoe's
book. [2] In contrast to the Shalett debunking article, Robert Ginna and
H.B. Darrach's article "Have We Visitors From Space" published in "Life"
magazine April 7, 1952 describes an Air Force that maintains constant
intelligence investigation and study of unidentified aerial objects. A
policy of positive action using aircraft for interception, radar, and
photographic equipment will be used to obtain factual data. Attempts to
recover the objects will be made. Operational units of the USAF were
ready to report any sightings. Other groups including scientists, pilots
both commercial and private, weather observers, anyone whose work
concerns the sky are urged to report their sightings to the Air
Technical Intelligence Center. Now that Project "Saucer" was a standard
intelligence function, the Air Force invited all citizens to report
their sighting to the nearest Air Force Base. There was no reason to
believe the UFO belonged to a foreign power or constituted a direct
threat to the United States.
Exhaustive inquiry concluded disks, cylinders, geometrical forms of a
luminous quality and solid nature, for several years, has been present
in the atmosphere. Globes of green light brighter than a full moon have
frequently passed through the skies. The objects cannot be explained by
present science as natural phenomenon but solely as artificial devices,
created and operated by a high intelligence. No power plant known or
projected could account for the performance of these devices.
Ginna
and Darrach went on to evaluate 10 UFO cases. In each instance the
deduction was the same, the phenomenon's performance was not of this
Earth. Nothing from any country on Earth could operate at the speed,
altitude, or rate of acceleration of these devises. No known optical or
atmospheric phenomenon could account for what was being seen. No human
pilot could stand the tremendous "G" loads brought to bear on the
airframe. In 10 cases the evaluation was the same, not of this Earth.
The
article conclusion was, they were not psychological phenomenon, products
of U.S. research, a Russian development, distortions of the atmosphere
due to atomic development, or skyhook balloons. Dr. Walther Riedel chief
rocket designer from Peenemunde now doing secret work in the U.S., who
had kept saucer records was quoted, "I am completely convinced that they
have an out-of-world bases." Dr. Riedel's arguments were reinforced by
those of Dr. Maurice A. Biot leading aerodynamicist and mathematical
physicist, "The least improbable explanation is that these things are
artificial and controlled.....My opinion for some time has been that
they have an extraterrestrial origin."
In three
years the Air Force position shifted from one extreme to the other. What
had happened during this short period of time to cause this reversal of
Air Force policy? Both articles were promoted by the Air Force Chief of
Staff. UFOs did exist, top-secret internal Air Force documents testified
to the UFO reality. The extraterrestrial focus was introduced to the
American psyche. UFOs were real and they came from "space" was the new
official position of Air Force Intelligence. Major General Charles P.
Cabell, Director of Air Force Intelligence Headquarters Washington D.C.,
skillfully arranged for Bob Ginna and H. B. Darrach of Life magazine to
come independently to the conclusion that UFOs were extraterrestrial.
The general successfully introduced this new national security policy of
viewing the phenomenon as extraterrestrial in nature, into the nation's
belief system. For the successful insertion of this critical
intelligence policy into the American belief system, the general was
rewarded, by his superiors with a promotion. The general was appointed
Director of the Joint Staff. Later the general would serve 10 years as
deputy director of the CIA. To FOIA requests soliciting information
about the general's intelligence record especially at the Joint Staff,
there is no record, the general is literally a non-person.
For over
a year Ginna had more liberty at Air Technical Intelligence Center than
any other reporter and Ruppelt the head of Project "Blue Book" knew that
the Air Force had unofficially inspired the Life article. [3] Never
before had a news reporter been given access to the ATIC like Bob Ginna.
Ginna fired questions at his hosts at ATIC that made them sweat and rip
open bundles of files in search of answers. The Office of Public
Relations, at the Pentagon, answer to the surge of newspapermen who
flooded ATIC with questions was, "The article is factual, but 'Life's'
conclusions are their own."
The
article by Ginna, with Air Force cooperation from the highest level set
Americas focus on the skies for answers about the critical question,
where do UFOs come from? Conspicuously absent in his article was any
contribution from the Air Technical Intelligence Center of the numerous
marine sightings reported since Columbus's discovery of the New World.
The extraterrestrial viewpoint to explain the origin of the phenomenon
was formulated by the highest policy body in the nation the National
Security Council and implemented into the American belief system by the
Joint Chiefs of Staff. UFOs were real and they came from "space".
The Marine Connection
Another
top secret document unknown to the American public at the time the
Shalett and Ginna articles were published, and not uncovered until 1985
through the Freedom of Information Act by the efforts of researcher
Robert Todd, was Air Intelligence Division Study No. 203 titled
"Analysis Of Flying Object Incidents In The U.S.". In December 1948 Air
Intelligence Division Study No. 203 produced by The Directorate of Air
Force Intelligence and Office of Naval Intelligence made the rounds at
the highest levels in select segments of the intelligence community.
This
document didn't claim the UFOs were interplanetary but considered
possible Soviet origin and described the parameters and performance
characteristics of past UFO sightings. Startling in this report and with
incredible implication were the contents of paragraph No. 7, which
stated, "The pattern of sightings is definable." "Sightings have been
most intense throughout the states bordering The Atlantic and Pacific
coast lines, and the central states of Ohio and Kentucky" the report
added "Although reported domestic incidents are widely scattered
throughout the U.S., frequency of sighting and number of observers per
sighting assumes a definite pattern. There is a large concentration of
sightings along the Eastern Seaboard, another large concentration
throughout the Western Coast states, and a few sightings in the Middle
West. Distortion of incidents by configuration of object and description
of maneuverability is approximately equal in each of these areas and
this is believed to further substantiate the possibility that one type
of object might have been observed in different aspects of flight".
While
the air force has always been associated with the study of the UFO
phenomenon here we see a keen interest in the phenomenon by the Office
of Naval Intelligence. This secret document of December 1948 records the
observation that "Sightings have been most intense throughout the
states bordering The Atlantic and Pacific coast lines". This very same
observation would be repeated during the massive UFO wave of July 1952.
UFOs didn't invade America's airspace from Canada or Mexico they
appeared from the sea.
Absent
in this report was the heavy concentration of UFO sightings over
America's atomic testing grounds, nuclear production facilities, and
nuclear storage sites in the Western part of the country. The secret
document implied (1) the objects were not a threat to national security,
(2) there was no evidence indicating the objects were interplanetary,
(3) the objects may be an unknown "natural phenomenon".
Air
Intelligence Division Study No. 203 with the help of the Office of Naval
Intelligence presents the first important clue that the Pentagon was
well aware of the phenomenon's marine nature. This document is one of
the rarest documents in the national archives linking the Office of
Naval Intelligence to any association with the investigation of the
phenomenon and offers an early clue that the study of the UFO phenomenon
did not fall totally within the realm of the Air Force. Could the naval
UFO experience be more involved than the air force? Is there a
possibility that the Navy had years ago created a special secret group
to investigate the strange aerial and marine manifestations? These
questions are unequaled in importance in understanding the UFO
phenomenon and the evolution of the modern UFO cover-up. Air
Intelligence Division Study No. 203 represents the tip of an iceberg, of
naval involvement with the phenomenon that has gone unrecognized for
over a hundred years.
A
considerable collection of data indicates Naval experience with the
phenomenon dated back to the turn of the century and the Navy had
accumulated more knowledge and experience with the phenomenon than was
previously known. The first journal to routinely publish reports about
the phenomenon as early as the 1900's was the U.S. Naval Hydrographic
Office's "Notice To Mariners". And the first name given to the enigmatic
phenomenon by that same office was "Celestial Phenomenon" seen at sea.
Almost fifty years later the air force would call these same enigmatic
objects "Unidentified Flying Objects".
One
account published in "Notice to Mariners" provides insight into an early
serious naval interest in the enigmatic phenomenon. As curious sightings
of strange flying objects seen at sea are nothing new in marine history.
This one case in particular had the potential to affect and shape naval
interest in the phenomenon early in the century more than any other UFO
sighting.
The UFO
sighting of Lt. Frank H. Schofield while aboard the USS Supply, off the
coast of California on the 28th of February 1904 and reported in
"Notices To Mariners". Schofield's account was: "The meteors appeared
near the horizon and below the clouds, traveling in a group from
Northwest to North (true) directly toward the ship"... "At first their
angular motion was rapid and color a rather bright red. As they
approached the ship they appeared to soar, passing above the clouds at
an elevation of about 45 degrees. After rising above the clouds their
angular motion became less and less until it ceased, when they appeared
to be moving directly away from the Earth at an elevation of about 75
degrees and in direction West-Northwest (true). It was noted that the
color became less pronounced as the meteors gained in angular
elevation".
"When
sighted, the largest meteor was in the lead, followed by the second in
size at a distance of less than twice the diameter of the larger, and
then by the third in size at a similar distance from the second in size.
They appeared to be traveling in echelon, and so continued as long as in
sight".
"The
largest meteor had an apparent area of about six suns. It was egg shaped
the sharper end forward. This end was jagged in outline. The after end
was regular and in full outline".
"The
second and third meteors were round and showed no imperfections in
shape. The second meteor was estimated to be twice the size of the sun
in appearance, and the third meteor about the size of the sun".
"When
the meteors rose there was no change in relative positions nor was there
at any time any evidence of rotation or tumbling of the large meteor".
"The
near approach of these meteors to the surface and the subsequent flight
away from the surface appeared to be most remarkable, especially so as
their actual size could not have been great. That they did come below
the clouds and soar instead of continuing their southeasterly course is
also equally certain, as the angular motion ceased and the color faded
as they rose. The clouds in passing between the meteors and the ship
completely obscured the former. Blue sky could be seen in the intervals
between the clouds.
"The
meteors were in sight over two minutes and were carefully observed by
three people, whose accounts agree as to details." [4]
This
account is only another marine UFO sighting in a massive collection of
marine sightings, except, the witness later would become Admiral
Schofield, Commander In Chief, of the Pacific Fleet in the 1930s. The
accountability and detail of the Schofield sighting could only confirm
suspicions, collected from numerous historical marine reports, that
unidentified aerial objects were operating over the Earth's oceans and
seas.
When
military personal who have had UFO experiences rise to the highest
levels of the military hierarchy it would be prudent to expect that they
would give the UFO reality exacting consideration throughout their
careers. The probably that a secret Naval project was formed later in
the century to analyze the plenteous collection of worldwide UFO
sightings is certainly magnified when Lieutenant Schofield's UFO
sighting, and his ascent in the naval hierarchy are considered. The rise
of Schofield to CIC of the Pacific Fleet with a perception for unusual
marine phenomenon certainly should have influenced the development and
direction of naval UFO investigations. Frank H. Schofield was in a
position to have had a pivotal influence on the Office of Naval
Intelligence concerning UFO investigations.
The name
assigned to the frequently occurring phenomenon by the Air Technological
Intelligence Center, Unidentified flying object, is woefully incorrect
as a name to define the reported phenomenon. Fifty-percent of all UFO
reports describe a phenomenon that is flying to the sea, flying from the
sea, flying over the sea, diving into the water, coming out of the
water, or operating with submarine like characteristics under the sea.
[5] An amphibious designation also falls short of accurately portraying
the unique marine capability displayed by the phenomenon.
A more
comprehensive and definitive name for the phenomenon would have to
recognize the multiphibious characteristics inherent to the phenomenon
from a numerous collection of land, and marine sightings. The term
unconventional multiphibious vehicle (UMV) certainly describes
succinctly the reported phenomenon. The implications of the phenomenon's
historical association with the sea are compounded by the fact that half
of all UFO sightings are reported by a exceedingly small number of
observers. This fact, this statistical anomaly is explosive in its
indications.
A casual
survey of UFO literature is replete with cases of UFOs causing
interference and disruptions with the electromagnetic spectrum. Ships
compasses wander and deviations in the Earth's magnetic field are
reported when UFOs are seen. Cosmic ray indicators fluctuate. Radio and
TV disturbances are common. Automobile, truck, and aircraft electrical
systems fail in the presence of UFOs. Plants, animals, and human beings
are burnt by radiation emitted by UFOs when in close proximity. Acoustic
signatures and sonar contacts have been reported when UFOs are seen
entering or emerging from the sea. Intense light emissions of every
spectrum are reported in UFO sightings. If UFOs appeared in close
proximity to naval vessels and affected radio communications, the naval
communications intelligence section of naval operations would have been
vigilant of any electromagnetic affect experienced.
The Search For Extraterrestrial
Intelligence
Soon
after H.G.Wells wrote The War Of The Worlds in 1898 radio signals of an
unknown origin were detected between 1899-1924 by three experimental
scientists, Nikola Tesla, Guglielmo, and David Todd each working
independently of each other observed electromagnetic transmissions that
suggested possible interplanetary communications. According to Tesla in
1899, ..."they are the results of an attempt by some human beings, not
of our world, to speak to us by signals....I am absolutely certain that
they are not caused by anything terrestrial."[6] Marconi in 1921 while
on the "Elettra" in the Mediterranean received radio transmissions he
felt originated from outer space.
By 1924
American science fiction writers had developed a conceptual foundation
in the American mental framework to accept the possibility that
intelligent life could exist on other planets in the solar system. An
early focus in the search for an extraterrestrial intelligence was the
moon but science discounted this because of the fact that the moon
lacked an atmosphere that made life impossible by human standards. A
preoccupation developed with some thinkers in the science community that
because of its relative similarity to earth, there was a possibility
that there was life on the planet Mars.
Astronomers had reported atmospheric and seasonal changes and a system
of canals. Mars became the focus of the place where another "human" like
intelligent species could reside. Some American scientists were certain
this theoretical species, if they were real, would try to contact earth.
Most
certainly the Navy was not immune from this viewpoint. The navy's
historical experience with strange "celestial phenomenon" seen at sea,
had to have developed into a preoccupation that surely influenced the
naval intelligence community. The UFO phenomenon had been observed and
reported in ships logs and journals dating back to at least the time of
Christopher Columbus's discovery of the new world.
The
reality that Earth may indeed be the object of visitation by another
intelligent species from the planets had to have matured to the point
where some element of naval intelligence was searching for the place of
origin for the broadly reported phenomenon. In July, 1922 the code and
signal section of the Naval Communications Service was assigned the
organizational title of OP-20-G. Later the X subsection of this
cryptological group became responsible for radio direction finding,
communications interception, and the analysis of all electromagnetic
emissions within the radio spectrum. Because of the tremendous distances
involved in oceanic communications naval signal intelligence was
positioned at the highest levels in the nation's intelligence
organization. Naval Cryptology was responsible for sending and deriving
information from the entire electromagnetic spectrum.
OP-20-G
was one of the first sections in the intelligence community to
compartmentalize intelligence. This was not a security classification
like top secret. Access was limited to those individuals who had a
definite need to know specific information gained by cryptology. If
there were indeed electromagnetic emissions emanating from the enigmatic
"Celestial Phenomenon" seen at sea, the people who worked at the secret
OP-20-G section in naval operations would have been the first to know.
The
futuristic flight characteristics and observed flight formations
indicating intelligent control should have been the factor that
motivated the Department of the Navy to create the first SETI (search
for extraterrestrial intelligence) project in 1924. The projects focus
was on Mars as the planet came within 34 million miles from Earth. The
unique combination of mysterious radio transmissions and unidentified
flying object sightings certainly was an indicator to some military
scientists that Mars was inhabited by intelligent beings and they were
visiting earth. The impact on government and military thinking by H.G.
Wells "War of the Worlds" certainly influenced the decision to focus on
Mars for any electromagnetic emissions as it approached Earth in 1924.
The
seriousness of this first SETI project required that the government
order all radio transmissions to cease at the time of the experiment. A
navy admiral ordered world wide radio silence for the entire naval fleet
at this time. Cooperation for this period of radio silence worldwide was
obtained through American diplomatic channels. [7] Dr. David Todd using
the Jenkins radio-camera for the Naval Observatory recorded a series of
dots on sensitized paper during the time of the test.[8] The first
digital communications ever received were recorded from an unknown
source during this first period of world scientific cooperation.
Even
world renowned code expert William F. Friedman, then Chief of the Code
Section in the office of the Chief Signal Officer of the Army was
standing by to translate any messages that may have come from Mars. [9]
Friedman in 1952 became chief technical consultant to the National
Security Agency and two years later became the special assistant to the
director of the National Security Agency. [10]
During
this period of enlightenment and discovery in American science this
early SETI project involved, the Department of the Navy, the National
Bureau of Standards, the Army's Signal Corps, the Naval Observatory, the
diplomatic community, and the best scientific minds in the country,. In
the background one scientist of particular importance to the UFO problem
in the coming years, Dr. Donald H. Menzel, knew human-like beings could
not be on Mars sending radio messages for the atmosphere was too thin.
It was during this time in American history that Dr. Donald H. Menzel
obtained one of the first degrees in astrophysics. Menzel years later
would become a strict supporter of the intelligence communities first
policy dealing with UFOs, the policy of denial.
Sometime
after 1924 the collection of reports of strange flying machines that
behaved contrary to the known scientific dictates of that time had to
indicate to naval researchers that the earth was more enigmatic then
tradition alluded. Evidence was being continually added to support the
hypothesis that the observed phenomenon might be a previously
undiscovered natural phenomenon. During that time the Polar Regions and
the oceans in general were relatively unexplored. The navy was thrust by
fate to become the agency to investigate and resolve the reality of the
mysterious and perplexing historical "Celestial Phenomenon" seen at sea.
By 1929
the IPY (International Polar Years) study focused on the Polar Regions
of the earth for clues about the "Celestial Phenomenon" that had been
observed over the oceans. The secret naval interest and voyages into the
Polar Regions were disguised as missions of exploration and scientific
discovery. This shift in focus from Mars to the poles was logical as
continued reports of the phenomenon were logged worldwide. The
remoteness and isolation of the Polar Regions stirred the imaginations
of these scientists and a focus on Antarctica developed in the
scientific community where a possible base for a visiting intelligence
could exist.
Frank
Edwards wrote of this interest, "Early in this century a few scientists
had cautiously theorized that such study (of the Polar Regions) would
vindicate their suspicions (Celestial Phenomenon), if it ever became
possible." [11] Unfortunately, Edwards did not document who these
scientists were. Interestingly, the South Pole 28 years later would be
the focus of the navy's "Operation Deepfreeze" excursions into
Antarctica for the IGY (International Geophysical Year) world survey and
just in time for a predictable increase in UFO activity. This later
polar survey was managed by the National Security Council Operations
Coordinating Board.
Doctor No
Dr.
Donald H. Menzel's complicity to the secret naval UFO investigatory
group and UFO cover-up becomes vivid when his role played in the UFO
theater is understood. Dr. Menzel had long ties and associations to the
Joint Chiefs of Staff and Naval intelligence. He was most likely
recruited by these agencies to investigate the phenomenon because he
obtained one of the first degrees in astrophysics. The freedom of
information act ceases to work when queries are made soliciting
information about his early activities in the intelligence community.
National security interests override the public's right to know of Dr.
Menzel's involvement with the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Office of Naval
Intelligence.
Dr.
Menzel's academic and naval careers position him uniquely to have had a
part in Naval UFO investigations. Dr. Menzel was associated with Navy
cryptology, the Office of Naval Intelligence, the National Security
Agency, the Naval Observatory, and the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1930
to 1960. Dr. Menzel's academic passion in real life was astronomy and
the study of the sun from his roost at Harvard. Dr. Menzel also lived a
secret life in the world of top secret cryptological compartmentalized
intelligence.
He had a
long association with a "special group" originally lodged in the Office
of Naval Intelligence and then later the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and
finally the National Security Agency, throughout his entire 30 years of
intelligence service. This association only became known because of a
rift that developed between President Kennedy and this "special group"
in 1960. Menzel offered to mediate the problem President Kennedy
developed with this "special group" located in the national security
structure because of his 30 year long association with it. [12]
Dr.
Menzel had two UFO sightings, one in 1947 and the other in 1948 at
Holloman Air Base near Alamogordo, the New Mexico atomic test site. His
earliest reflections on the phenomenon were noncommittal and yielding
only that he had certain ideas about what the phenomenon could be. A
short time later his focus paralleled the National Security Council's
UFO denial policy. At that time he was associated with the Joint Chiefs
of Staff doing secret radio wave propagation experiments. Dr. Menzel was
able to explain all sightings of the UFO phenomenon as insignificant
naturally occurring and misinterpreted atmospheric aberrations caused by
weather and temperature light inversions.
Dr.
Menzel's temperature and light inversion theories explained the
appearance of all UFO sightings. These theories were soon found suspect
by Air Force Intelligence and the Air Technological Intelligence Center
who knew the phenomenon was real. At that time ATIC investigations
focused on a collection of UFO reports that involved the simultaneous
observation of the phenomenon by radar, pilots, and ground observers,
these reports were given top priority by ATIC analysts.
Whenever
public curiosity developed regarding the phenomenon Dr. Menzel was there
with full scientific credential to refute and discount the phenomenon's
reality in the publics eye. Dr. Menzel became a predator to those in the
scientific community who developed a continued interest in the UFO
phenomenon. Armed with a Ph. D. in astronomy, an extensive knowledge in
optical physics, and special knowledge about the phenomenon gained from
his position in naval intelligence. Menzel carried a deadly sting to the
arguments of his colleges and juniors in the scientific community who
supported the phenomenon's reality.
Dr.
Menzel was a well trained scientific heavy weight in the fight to block
the American scientific community from becoming involved in the study of
the UFO phenomenon, in spite, of his own observations. In retrospect it
can be viewed that Dr. Menzel played a role of misinforming and
disinforming a generation of scientists and a trusting public about the
unique natural phenomenon that had appeared in large numbers in American
reality after the birth of the atomic bomb.
Dr.
Menzel's association with disinformation continued well after his death.
He is mentioned as a member of the team that studied the UFO crash in
Roswell, N.M. on June of 1947 in the mysterious and suspect MJ-12
Briefing Document that surfaced in 1984. Here Dr. Menzel is mentioned in
a context uncharacteristic of his earlier debunking views that UFO's did
not exist. A quote from the briefing document states..."Since it is
virtually certain that these craft do not originate in any country on
Earth, considerable speculation has centered around what the point of
origin might be and how they got here. Mars was and remains a
possibility, although some scientists, most notably Dr. Menzel, consider
it more likely that we are dealing with beings from another solar system
entirely...".
After
his death in 1976, he was still used by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to
promote the fabricated extraterrestrial UFO hypotheses. It would be
prudent not to accept the context of the MJ-12 Briefing Document since
Dr. Menzel was dead when this document surfaced. There is a high
probability the document is disinformation designed by national security
managers to reinforce the extraterrestrial hypothesis. Dr. Menzel's
debunking views of the UFO phenomenon during his naval and academic
careers certainly paralleled the National Security Council's policies
that were implemented by the Jointed Chiefs of Staff. Dr. Menzel's
affinity for the Naval Research Laboratory was observed by Dr. Hynek,
who stated that every time he went to the NRL Menzel was always there.
Unfortunately records from the NRL dating from 1946 to the 1960's and
most records from the Joint Chiefs of Staff have been destroyed. Dr.
Menzel's activities at the Joint and Common Chiefs of Staff as well as
the Naval Research Laboratory will never be known to historians. To
"Freedom of Information Act" queries Dr. Menzel is another non-person.
One book
should have been sufficient to debunk the phenomenon but Dr. Menzel was
compelled to write three books attacking the phenomenonÆs reality. This
strange and unusual motivation only recently can be understood as his
role in the UFO cover-up is exposed. One statement by Menzel should in
time prove to be a potential powder keg, "I do not believe that the
exploding of the atomic bomb was in any way a direct cause of the
saucers". [13] Substantial evidence indicates the opposite is true. It
is interesting to note that the Office of Naval Research was established
on August 1946, one month after the completion of the nuclear tests at
Eniwetok in the South Pacific and at the time of the first outbreak of
UFO reports.
Sea Stories
A number
of UFO sightings occurring between the 1940's and 1960's firmly support
a Marine- Earth UFO hypotheses rather than an extraterrestrial
hypotheses. The implications of the phenomenon's marine association give
us clear insight into why an ultra secret campaign evolved to debunk the
UFO reality. The Department of Navy avoids any association with the UFO
phenomenon like it was the plague. Naval vessel logbooks have been
erased of all UFO sightings. The Naval Research Laboratory records have
been destroyed. All Joint Chiefs of Staff records have been destroyed
without authorization.
If it
can be determined from aerial sightings that UFOs are from "space" as
the American people have been led to believe, then what can be
determined about the origin of UFOs that operate like flying submarines
from the oceans of the earth? The following UFO report from 1942
certainly drowns the lofty extraterrestrial viewpoint created to explain
the appearance of the phenomenon. Off the coast of Tasmania there were
reports of strange lights in the Bass Strait by local fisherman. The
Royal Air Force patrolled the straits looking for the cause of the
lights. This account by a RAF airman describes a phenomenal sighting
that severely challenged his collective belief system concerning aerial
machinery and reality.
......"At 5:50 P.M., of a lovely sunny evening, we were flying some
miles East of the Tasman Peninsula when on a sudden, there came out of a
cloud bank, a singular airfoil of glistening bronze color. I'd say it
was around 150 feet long, and about fifty feet in diameter. It had a
short beak on its prow, and the surface seemed burled, or rippled, or
fluted. On its upper surface was a dome or cupola, from which I seemed
to see reflected flashes as the sun struck something, which might or
might not have been a helmet, worn by something inside. The other end of
the airfoil fined out into a sort of fin. Every now and again there came
from its keel greenish-blue flashes. It turned at a small angle towards
us and I was amazed to see, framed in a white circle on the front of the
dome, an image of a large, grinning Cheshire cat!"
"The
damn thing flew parallel to us for some minutes, and then it abruptly
turned away and, as it did so, it showed four things like fins on its
belly-side. It went off at a hell of a pace, turned and dived straight
down into the Pacific, and went under, throwing up a regular whirlpool
of waves! Just as if it had been a submarine. No, the Japs had nothing
in the amphibious line like that mysterious bird !....[14] The person
who reported this incident went on to work at the secret weapons and
long range missiles experimental desert station in Woomera, Australia,
certainly not a person prone to delusion.
The
significance of the observation of fins on this object implies a marine
function on an aeronautical object. This indicates the flying machine
was also engineered to operate from the oceans while initially observed
preforming advanced aerial maneuvers. As the concept of the origin of
the UFO falls from the extraterrestrial heights promoted by the National
Security Council, to the depths of the oceans, this simple testimony by
a witness offers another piece of forensic evidence indicating the
phenomenon's marine association.
The
image of the grinning Cheshire cat on this unconventional multiphibious
vehicle, while at first thought may seem preposterous, indicates
painfully a connection and hidden relationship of the phenomenon to
human experience. This similarity and mimicking, of the pictorials
painted on the allied bombers and fighters of that time period, by the
UFO is disturbing in its context and unfortunate for the current human
belief systems.
In 1950
the "revolt of the Admiralsö led to the deployment of nuclear weapons on
naval ships. The Franklin D. Roosevelt was one of the first aircraft
carriers to deploy Mark-3 nuclear weapons. The FDR's UFO experiences
started when the vessel operationally began to carry nuclear weapons.
The FDRÆs voyages became the object of a strange aerial reconnaissance
by the UFO that is exceptional in naval experience.
The
preoccupation by the UFO to the FDR's voyages indicates a direct
vulnerability to nuclear weapons and their mobility. This vulnerability
appears to be so considerable that the phenomenon compromised its
usually secretive and hidden existence in our domain to monitor the
FDR's voyages at the risk of exposure. It is this vulnerability to
nuclear weapons that is the greatest indicator that links the phenomenon
to the physical world and indicates that somewhere on the planet, in
some unperceived domain, another intelligence shares the world with
humanity. This diagnostic clue is central to any forensic investigation
of the UFO phenomenon. Again a marine theme links the phenomenon's
presence to environmental rather then extraterrestrial association.
The
FDR's case history of UFO surveillance has been well documented by Chet
Grusinsky who while serving as a seaman on the FDR observed a glowing
cigar like object with a row of windows approach the FDR. According to
Grusinsky, "It was close enough you could see a row of windows. You
could see through the windows, and there were figures. My impression was
they were not human beings. It took off quick and I could feel the heat
on my skin." [15] The UFO's interest in the FDR was extensive in the
Atlantic. The FDR was under surveillance by UFOs during cruises to
Brazil, and Guantanamo, Cuba. UFOs followed the carrier from Mayport,
Florida, to England, and into the Mediterranean Sea. The FDR's homeport
in Mayport, Florida became the object of an increase in UFO sightings
when the carrier returned from sea operations. In the Atlantic off the
FDR's homeport in Mayport, Florida, UFOs were frequently seen, as if
they were on station waiting for the carrier to begin a cruise. [16] The
reason for the FDR's Atlantic UFO escort remains a mystery, but Chester
Grusinsky feels the escort certainly was an indicator that the UFO
phenomenon had a keen interest in nuclear weapons and nuclear weapon
mobility.
During
the FDR's participation in the Operation Mainbrace maneuvers in the
North Sea in 1952 UFOs over flew and followed the fleet for several
days. It was these overflights in the North Sea that caused the RAF to
officially recognize the UFO reality.[17] There are no records of the
FDR's UFO sightings appearing in the ships log. It is interesting that
several UFO researchers have recently reported that U. S. Naval vessel
logs appear to have been tampered with. Researchers who are following up
on UFO sightings reported from naval vessels are finding the ships logs
have been edited and rewritten without any mention of the sightings.
"Unconventional Flying Objects:`A Scientific Analysis" by Paul R. Hill
published in 1995 focused on the phenomenon's physics and aerodynamics.
Paul R. Hill's personal sightings in July 1952 were witnessed from the
shores of the Chesapeake Bay. He witnessed three objects maneuvering
over the Chesapeake Bay. HillÆs later physical analysis of the objects
concluded the "UFOs were not aircraft, for they do not utilize
aerodynamic forces". They had high thrust to weight ratio and
thrust-vector control. Hill was able to calculate in one instance the
physical density as about 96 percent that of water, exceedingly close to
the density of a conventional submarine. According to Hill "This
density, if representative, could explain the observed underwater
operation and the apparent multiphibious nature of the UFO. It's
particularly important that we take note that an object of this density,
equipped with a retractable landing gear, is a very substantial "flying"
machine made to land on land and having properties consistent with
operation from water surfaces or even underwater."[18] This observation
by Hill is a difficult concept to deal with, a flying submarine that far
outperformed the best jets in the Air Force inventory at that period of
time. Yet numerous marine sightings confirm the accuracy of Hill's
observations. Hill commented that his instant impression of his sighting
was that the vehicles were surveying the East Coast. Hill's observations
certainly confirm the validity of Air Intelligence Division Study No.
203's reflection that the phenomenon approached the United States from
the marine environment rather than from a continental direction. The
logical question of where in the oceans do the phenomenon originate from
was addressed by IGY. Lenoard H. Stringfield recalled that while en
route to the Atsugi Airdrome, Tokyo, August 28, 1945, before the major
allied landing, he was midway between Ie Shoma and Iwo Jima and
recalled, "As the plane dipped, sputtered oil and lost altitude...I
remember looking out through one of the portholes and to my surprise,
seeing three unidentifiable blobs of brilliant white light, each about
the size of a dime held at arms length." The blobs followed the plane at
the same speed "seemingly parallel to the C-46,...when my plane pulled
up, the objects remained below and they disappeared into a cloud bank."
[19]
Another
marine incident, worthy of deep investigation by researchers, focuses on
the island of Tinian, where the bombers were stationed that dropped the
atomic bombs on Japan in 1945. "In the last weeks (late April, 1953),
our ships and aircraft have sighted numerous flying objects of unknown
origin. Their flight courses were plotted and permit conclusions about
their take-off and landing bases. Near the island of Tinian, one of
these projectiles was rammed by a specially equipped airplane and sunk
into the sea."(Report of the Chief of the U.S. Defense HQ., D., Tokyo,
May 9, 1953.) [20]
In 1963
over the Puerto Rico Trench a Naval task force of helicopters and
aircraft from the carrier Wasp and several smaller surface ships tracked
and hunted an undersea object that had been detected by sonar. For four
days an unidentified sumerged object played a cat and mouse like game
with the Naval task force. The object was tracked by sonar traveling at
speeds up to 170 miles per hour and maneuvering to depths as great as
27,000 feet. [21] In this unique report it can be seen that the Navy is
able to interact gamefully with the intelligence that drives the UFO. A
hide and seek catch me it you can frolic, initiated by the intelligence
that operates the unidentified submarine object, taunts the Naval task
force for four days.
In the
document "AMC Opinion Concerning æ Flying Disks", appearing Sept. 28,
1947 there is a significant observation that states "action which must
be considered evasive when sighted or contacted by friendly aircraft and
radar" describes intent by the phenomenon to remain outside of human
perception. Yet here apparently UFO policy has changed. It is critical
to understand the reason why traditional evasive action observed by the
UFO has been replaced with a new UFO policy that now taunts the military
high command.
These
reports indicate by 1963 there have been 16 years of conscious conflict
between the phenomenon and the American military. This implies there is
literally a "secret war" going on between two different and diverse
intelligence's based here on Earth, one is human and the other remains
unidentified. Indications suggest this "secret war" is escalating, and
future developments may be imminent.
From the
Puerto Rico report additional insight into the degree of technological
separation that exists between human technology and the "other"
technology can be evaluated. It can be inferred that the degree of
separation between the two technologies is not as great as is commonly
believed. How much more advanced is a technology that propels a flying
submarine and gives it the ability to travel 170 miles per hour
underwater and dive to 27,000 feet and fly to deep space? Compared to a
technology that drives a non-flying submarine that operates at 80 miles
per hour underwater and has the ability to dive to 2,000 feet? It is
quite evident the two technologies are separated only by an
insignificant period of time especially when measured by geohistorical
time.
The Nuclear Looking Glass
Early in
the development of nuclear weapon technology, nuclear development
centers were besieged with UFO reports. The December 1948 Air
Intelligence Division Study No. 203 produced by The Directorate of Air
Force Intelligence and Office of Naval Intelligence states in paragraph
No. 7 that "The Pattern of Sightings is definable. Sightings have been
most intense throughout the states bordering The Atlantic and Pacific
coast lines, and the central states of Ohio and Kentucky" . The mention
of the central states of Ohio and Kentucky indicates that the secret
nuclear material processing plants in that area were under surveillance.
Although the study makes no mention of the green fireballs that plagued
the New Mexico nuclear test site. It is now known that considerable
green fireball activity was observed over the New Mexico test site from
1945 to 1949.
Nuclear
testing at Eniwetok in the South Pacific in 1946 and the appearance of
unconventional aerial objects in large numbers occur, for the first time
in modern history, within a one-month period. The nuclear weapons
storage facility at Ft. Hood in Texas had extensive overflights of white
fireballs of unknown origin according to FBI documents released by FOIA
queries. The overflights of this extraordinary secret nuclear weapon
storage facility by white fireballs created considerable stress in the
Army high command.
The
implications of these early demonstrations indicates a unique intent. It
can be inferred that rather than an extraterrestrial concern by
benevolent space beings over developments here on earth, there is an
apparent vulnerability to nuclear technology, by a previously
unperceived secular intelligence. By July 1947 America became the object
of an aerial reconnaissance operation by UFOs so enigmatic that a new
word was coined nationally in the American vocabulary to describe the
object that was responsible for the American survey: Flying Saucers.
This is not flimsy circumstantial evidence, but the testimony of a
nation describing a new event in the nation's history.
The
phenomenon's response to nuclear testing in such a short period of time
is another forensic indication that the phenomenon is a part of earth's
environment. The ability of the phenomenon to appear in large numbers
soon after the fateful use of these weapons on Japan and then assemble a
systematic earth survey, again is an indicator that extraterrestrial
forces are not responsible for the phenomenon's appearance. But more
likely implies the phenomenon's representation is related to a cause and
affect relationship between nuclear use and UFO appearance.
The
British master of science fiction Arthur C. Clark in 1948 knew an alien
invasion when he saw one, and observed that 90 per cent of Flying Saucer
sightings appeared over the United States. His reflection was that the
focus of the sightings was on America, and this is not what one could
expect from an alien invasion. Six major waves of UFO sightings have
occurred over the United States from 1947 to 1973, most occurred during
periods of nuclear testing.
Unaddressed are the implications that the nation responsible for the
development of this new technology of destruction and its use became the
focus of 90 per cent of all UFO sightings by this strange new phenomenon
in human experience. And astonishingly the phenomenon had the ability to
focus its surveillance exactly on atomic testing sites, production
facilities, and storage centers and air bases where nuclear operational
air wings were on alert. Our British master of science fiction stops
short of any analysis of where the invasion of America might have come
from if it were not alien As the forensic elements of this tear in the
nation's mental fabric are slowly collected and assembled, and the
extraterrestrial hypothesis promoted by The National Security Council
can be viewed as a failed policy. The relationship between atomic
development and UFO appearance offers the strongest evidence of the
phenomenon's terrestrial reality.
UFO
activity over Japan and the surrounding Pacific has been substantial
historically. [22] As UFO activity over Japan has been documented both
before and after the tragic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, this
certainly is another indicator the phenomenon had an interest in, and
was monitoring human affairs in this region. UFO activity at Guam both
before and after the tragic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were
reported so often during World War 2 the accounts were printed in the
Army unit bulletins of the troops stationed in the area. There is an
unusual amount of activity by the phenomenon in this area.
In fact
nuclear testing and the military use of nuclear weapons appear to have
been responsible for a UFO "IGY" like study of the nations of the world
by another intelligence. The continued result of nuclear testing in this
area indicates the UFO phenomenon is directly affected by these events.
This unique "IGY" like survey of the world by the UFO phenomenon which
continued for the duration of nuclear testing, starting first at
Eniwetok and continuing throughout testing at Yucca Flats, Nevada, is a
most enduring piece of forensic evidence. This indicates a direct
relationship between nuclear testing and UFO activity.
The
Soviets experienced their own UFO wave in 1949, the year of their first
nuclear detonation. Three nuclear detonations at the Bikini Atoll,
between April and May, in 1948 seem to be responsible for the UFO wave
of 1950. During 1950 the UFO phenomenon appeared in unusually large
numbers over the United States, Caribbean, North Africa, and Spain. The
countries of Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, and Cuba, in the
Caribbean experienced extensive UFO overflights in 1950.
By
April, 1952 UFO activity over the United States was on an increase.
Again indicating human activity, especially nuclear activity, was a
concern by the intelligence that was behind the UFO phenomenon and
indications are the military knew that the phenomenon would respond to
the May nuclear testing with a predictable immediacy. This series of
atomic detonations and the predictable response by the phenomenon are
most likely the reason national security planners foresaw the need for a
national article to address the UFO phenomenon. The timely appearance of
Bob Ginna's article in "Life" magazine April 7, 1952 promoting the
extraterrestrial hypothesis was designed to shield and misinform
Americans from gaining insight to a potentially threatening aspect of
reality to the nation's current mental fabric.
The
first public report of the predicted increase in UFO activity appears in
the press May 11, 1952. [23] The title of the article reads "Photos of
`Saucer` Indicate Its Real". The article indicates the Brazilian photos
will be given to the American embassy and the National Security Council
for analysis. The five photographs taken show a UFO as it tumbles
through the air. These photos only confirm the legitimacy of the Air
Intelligence Division Study No.203 observation that the "Distortion of
incidents by configuration of object and description of maneuverability
is approximately equal in each of these areas and this is believed to
further substantiate the possibility that one type of object might have
been observed in different aspects of flight." Personal FOIA inquires to
the National Security Council by this writer yielded that they never
heard of, or received any Brazilian photos of UFOs, or of any other
UFOs. And that I should make an inquiry to the national archives for the
related data. I shall not.
The UFO
wave of 1952 was more selective than the UFO waves of 1947 and 1950.
High numbers of UFO reports were observed over Western Europe and the
United States. In the United States UFOs flew over the White House and
Capital Building on at least 24 different occasions during the months of
May, June, July, and August. Some UFO researchers maintain that the 24
Washington over-flights indicate the intelligence behind the phenomenon
possibly tried to pressure or warn Washington against continued nuclear
testing.
In doing
so the phenomenon compromised again its apparent historical desire to
remain outside human perception. Indications are the Joint Chiefs of
Staff was well aware of this terrestrial connection. This reciprocity
becomes evident when the eight nuclear tests between April and June 1952
and the establishment of the Ground Observer Corps in July 1952 are
viewed in this new context.
Operation Skywatch the official name for the Ground Observer Corps was
put into effect July 14, 1952. 500,000 volunteers manning 19,400
observation posts 24 hours a day in 36 states fed information to 49
filter centers concerning suspicious aerial activity over the United
States. Air Force Chief of Staff General Nathan F. Twining called the
effort necessary because of a threatening Soviet bomber fleet. The fact
was a massive UFO wave was about to happen because of the nuclear
testing in Nevada. The patriotic blue-blooded men of the Joint Chiefs of
Staff and the National Security Council found deception to be in the
nations best interest concerning the UFO phenomenon.
Edward
J. Ruppelt in his book The Report On Unidentified Flying Objects
describes so succinctly the awareness held by the Joint Chiefs of Staff,
Central Intelligence Agency, and the National Security Council of the
coming July 1952 UFO wave. Ruppelt writes, " A few days prior to the
incident (Washington UFO over-flights) a scientist from an agency that I
can't name, and I were talking about the build-up of reports along the
East coast of the United States". (This is a repeat of the UFO wave of
1947 as evidenced in Air Intelligence Division Study No.203) "We talked
for about two hours, and I was ready to leave when he said he had one
last comment to make--a prediction. From his study of the UFO reports
that he was getting from Air Force headquarters, and from discussions
with his colleagues, he said that he thought that we were sitting right
on top of a big keg full of loaded Flying Saucers. "Within the next few
days " he told me, and I remember that he punctuated his slow deliberate
remarks by hitting the desk with his fist, " They're going to blow up
and you're going to have the granddaddy of all UFO sightings. The
sightings will occur in Washington or New York", he predicted, "probably
Washington". This evidence indicates the military was monitoring the
buildup of the July 1952 UFO wave with such accuracy that predictions to
timing and location could be forecast.
The
first reports of naval ships carrying nuclear weapons becoming the
object of UFO surveillance were reported at this time. During the UFO
wave of 1952 the National Security Council recognized the need for
establishing the National Security Agency. The birth of the most secret
communications agency in the national security structure soon after the
Washington over-flights implies a cause and affect relationship of these
two events. In retrospect we can see considerable evidence indicating
the National Security Council was cognizant the thirteen planned nuclear
detonations at Bikini Atoll between May and July in 1956 would bring an
all-out UFO wave by July 1957, the starting date for the IGY world
survey.
The most
disturbing aspect of UFO behavior especially for current human cognition
suggests the phenomenon has always had a comprehensive ability to
monitor human evolution. The phenomenon's early focus on America and
more specifically New Mexico during nuclear development substantiates
that the phenomenon is not a new development in human experience, but
more likely represents the presence of a less visible and older
intelligence that shares earth with humanity. Humanity has survived
without problem with this other earth entity until nuclear development.
This
profile when interpreted forensically indicates there is a unique
relationship between humanity and the intelligence that is responsible
for the UFO phenomenon. Or in other words, there is a native hierarchy
here on earth that is older than and is responsible for the creation of
humanity. This formerly clandestine intelligence, fleetingly observed
throughout history, may now be in conflict with its human creation. One
would expect imminent change is near in human affairs.
The Search for Terrestrial
Intelligence: the International Geophysical Year World Survey
The need
for the IGY (International Geophysical Year) scientific earth study was
recognized as early as 1950 by James Van Allen, Lloyd Berkner, and
Sydney Chapman. These men worked in upper atmospheric physics during the
beginning of extensive UFO activity over White Sands, N.M. in the middle
part of the 1940s when the first nuclear weapons tests began. Lloyd
Berkner at that time was a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, "Weapons
System Evaluation Group". The WSEG integrated high level security
cleared scientific, military, and political personal into this UFO
working group that studied the potential impact of the UFO reality on
America's political, social, economic and military institutions.
Van
Allen, Berkner, and Chapman were responsible for initiating to the Joint
Chiefs of Staff the need to investigate the "complex phenomenon",
another name for Flying Saucers, that appeared over New Mexico during
nuclear development and testing. This most important and secret piece of
national real estate to the military and the scientific community had
been reconnoitered intensively by UFOs from 1945 to 1950.
The
National Academy of Sciences with the approval of the National Science
Foundation persuaded the government to underwrite the IGY project. The
National Security Council, the highest policy making body in the land
recognized the need and made the decision to implement the IGY world
survey. Over two billion dollars in funding and the cooperation of
60,000 scientists from 67 nations participated in this NSC project.
American military participation in the IGY survey was extensive. To this
day information obtained on the UFO phenomenon by the IGY world survey
has been concealed.
The
timing of the IGY world survey and the massive funding to support the
survey by the National Security Council is a substantial clue linking
nuclear testing and UFO manifestations. The undertaking's secret motive
was to establish the location of another technological presence on the
earth. In retrospect it can be seen, national security planners used the
thirteen nuclear detonations of 1956 to induce the phenomenon to appear.
The thirteen nuclear detonations of 1956 were the largest number of
atomic detonations at the Bikini site than any other series of tests.
The 13 explosions at the Bikini atomic test site set the bait to induce
the phenomenon to appear and IGY was the trap to identify and isolate
specific geographical locations from where the phenomenon first
appeared.
By the
time of the starting date of the project, July 1957, the world was wired
with instrumentation manned by military and scientific teams that
numbered more than 60,000 personal. The National Security Council
Operations Coordinating Board managed the navy IGY scientific assault on
the mysterious South Pole. This worldwide army of scientists armed and
ready with scientific instrumentation of every nature was dug-in and
ready to monitor events as the predictable increase in UFO sightings
occurred.
In the
first week in November 1957, the predicted UFO wave began. As sightings
occurred worldwide, the greatest number of sightings seemed to
concentrate in the United States, Brazil, and Japan. In terms of numbers
the UFO wave of 1957 produced more UFO sightings than any other UFO
wave. At this unique period of time the CIA established "The Director of
Central Intelligence Committee on Overhead Reconnaissance". Years later
this committee evolved into the very spooky National Reconnaissance
Office. The NRO's focus is planet earth.
Public
exposure to IGY was limited to the search and study of scientific
curiosities such as airglow, the aurora, atmospheric whistlers, and
ionospheric radio skip. Data was collected worldwide on solar activity,
meteorology, cosmic rays, earth magnetism, artificial satellites,
nuclear radiation, seismology, gravity, glaciology, oceanography,
ionospheric studies, and a host of other scientific disciplines. The
National Security Council with the help of the National Academy of
Scientists, the National Science Foundation, and the Joint Chiefs of
Staff purposely precluded the American people from obtaining a clear
view of the UFO reality. The International Geophysical Year scientific
world survey was the greatest scientific swindle in recorded history.
Dr. J.
Allen Hynek complained years later that UFOs photographed by the
worldwide optical tracking network of IGY were ignored by the Air Force.
Retrograde satellites observed by IGY "moon watch" teams (retrograde
orbits were unobtainable by American rocketry) were viewed as
insignificant in importance. As an astronomer Dr. J. Allen Hynek could
not accept the theory that UFOs were of extraterrestrial origin because
of the great distances between stars and the staggering amount of
statistical data on UFOs accumulated during human history. This left Dr.
Hynek with one logical choice for the origin of the UFO phenomenon. UFOs
were the manifestation of "a unique natural phenomenonö that somehow had
remained unperceived by the collective body of human experience."
At the
time this great man of ufology made this statement publicly in 1967, in
a talk at the Goddard Space Flight Center, the seeds of
extraterrestrialism had grown to such an extent that his audience was
blind to the concept he tried to bring forth. Hynek's concept of "a
unique natural phenomenon" that was responsible for the observed UFO
sightings was viewed with suspicion and many scientists felt Hynek's
explanations were a continuation of the governments program to explain
away and ignore the reported phenomenon. The impact of Hynek's insight
fell victim to the extraterrestrial hypothesis. [24] This address to the
rocket scientists at the Goddard Space Flight Center in its entirety has
disappeared and is not available to researchers.
During
the 1957 International Geophysical Year scientific world survey
Brazilian scientist Dr. Villela aboard a US Navy icebreaker in Admiralty
Bay, Antarctica witnessed a silvery bullet like object break out of 37
feet of ice and then fly into the sky and rapidly disappear. Two other
witnesses who caught only the tail end of the event observed great
blocks of ice fall back from the sky and the impressive hole blasted
from the ice sheet by this UFO. This incredible report indicates to
researchers that UFOs have a thrust to weight ratio substantially
greater than that of an icebreaker. The report was issued formally to
the Brazilian press by the Navy but soon after all press coverage of
this incredible incident disappeared.[25] This one report validates Paul
R. Hill's concept of the UFO being a substantial multiphibious flying
machine.
An
extraordinary series of UFO photographs was taken January 1958 by the
ship NE "Almirante Saldanha" of the Brazilian IGY effort. Off Trindad
Island in the Atlantic a Saturn shaped UFO came in from the sea and
circled a radar base on that island. The ship's photographer snapped
four photographs. IGY scientists found the photographs to be
insignificant in importance. This same Saturn shaped object later
appeared on MERINT radiotelegraph procedure posters, issued by the Joint
Chiefs of Staff, for instructing naval vessels the procedure for
reporting UFOs.
Objects
some 70 miles high in near earth orbit were observed by the Bluff Hill
radar facility in Invercargill, N.Z. during the IGY effort. New Zealand
IGY scientists lost interest in this extraordinary data. Objects
orbiting the earth 70 miles in altitude was not considered relevant to
IGY scientists for further investigation. The projects military and
scientific managers ignored all UFO activity worldwide recorded during
the IGY world survey, which was substantial. The evidence indicates the
International Geophysical Year scientific world survey was a front, in
the same way project "Blue Book" was a front, to defraud Americans from
obtaining a grasp on understanding the true nature of a phenomenon that
has been witnessed historically.
The IGY
scientific world survey assuredly provided answers to the primary
National Security Council question, where on earth were UFOs from. The
UFO presence in the Americas precedes the discovery of the Americas by
the first European explorers. UFOs were a natural phenomenon observed in
the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. In Argentina UFO researchers knew UFOs
entered the Atlantic and Pacific oceans from Antarctica.
Recent
reports by UFO researchers suggest there is an on going Navy effort to
destroy any evidence linking the navy to the UFO phenomenon. The reports
of UFO sightings being edited out of ship's logs, by UFO researchers,
confirms a considerable naval sensitivity to the phenomenon. Researchers
have also reported the naval archives in Seacaus, New Jersey appear to
have been purposely sabotaged. Documents are missing and files have
purposely been mixed chronologically thwarting researchers attempts to
do meaningful research at this facility relating to the UFO phenomenon.
Home Sweet Home
The
National Security Act of September 1947 created within the nation's
legal framework agencies to deal with the reality of the UFO phenomenon.
State security planners were quick to recognize that the phenomenon was
not a direct threat to the nation's security, this viewpoint is
expressed in the earliest intelligence documents from 1947. The greatest
threat came from the potential impact of the UFO reality on the nation's
current belief system. If the true nature of the phenomenon became
widely known by the American people the current belief system could
suffer from a backlash that could lead to political instability.
The
military was regrettably chosen to be the repository of this new
perception in the nation's reality. The national security act of 1947
literally created a secret government. This secret government has waged
a secret war to block the phenomenon's reality from seeping into the
nation's belief system. The National Security Council the nation's
highest policy making body is the agency responsible for the UFO
cover-up.
The NSC
is divided into members and advisors. It is the advisory part of the
National Security Council that manages the UFO cover-up. This includes
the Assistant for National Security Affairs, Director of the Central
Intelligence Agency, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Ad
Hoc committees such as the National Security Council Planning Board and
the National Security Council Operations Coordinating Board. Should the
President and Vice President ever have a need to know of the UFO reality
the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs is positioned to
brief them at the appropriate time and initiate secret FEMA directives.
From
Shalett's UFO denial, to Ginna's UFO extraterrestrialism, National
Security Council policy continues. The Air Force sponsored Condon UFO
investigation the "Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects"
found again in 1969 that UFOs did not exist. UFOs really were not from
"space" after all, according to Condon, UFOs simply did not exist! Dr.
Edward U. Condon certainly was an excellent choice by the National
Security Council to head the Air Force study. At the time in 1946, when
the phenomenon was observed in large numbers after the atomic testing at
Bikini Atoll Dr. Condon was the head of the National Bureau of Standards
America's scientific clearinghouse.
The
National Bureau of Standards interest in the UFO phenomenon along with
the Army Signal Corps, the Department of the Navy, and the State
Department can be traced back to the 1920Æs. There is a high probability
the National Bureau of Standards coordinated the scientific study of the
reported UFO crash at Roswell, N.M. in 1947. While UFOs are relativity
new in American thinking, government involvement in the research of this
enigmatic phenomenon is over a hundred years old.
If in
fact mankind is cohabiting the Earth with a greater non-human
intelligence that either evolved or migrated to earth long ago in the
distant Geohistorical past then present human institutions are in
default. The impact of this knowledge should it filter into common
thinking, is best described by the agency that evolved from the Navy's
OP-20-GX group of the 1920s, the National Security Agency "....public
interest in disclosure (FOIA queries on UFOs) is far outweighed by the
sensitive nature of the materials and the obvious effect on national
security their release may well entail". [26] This statement by the
National Security Agency acknowledges that the agency has a much more
broadened picture of how the phenomenon's disclosure would impact
national security and clearly indicates the agencies participation in
the UFO cover-up. The National Security Agency was created soon after 24
UFO overflights of the White House during May, June, July, and August
1952.
The
atomic age, the appearance of flying saucers in large numbers, and the
birth of the National Security Council are not random events, all
occurred within a very short period of time. The relationship of cause
and effect is clearly demonstrated by the passing of the National
Security Act three months after the thunderous blow to American reality
by the UFO crash in Roswell, N.M. in July 1947. Until the atomic age the
intelligence behind the UFO has historically shied away and distanced
itself from human perception.
A peek
into the mind of government relating to the UFO phenomenon and the
processes at work on the community of nations is best described by Dr.
Pierre Guerin an astronomer associated with the French GEPAN (Study
Group Into Unidentified Atmospheric Phenomenon). Dr. Guerin feels there
is an intelligence behind the UFO phenomenon and it is not human.
Governments of earth understand that this intelligence coexists on the
planet with humanity. There is a very high possibility that this
intelligence is responsible for the creation of humanity. The impact of
this truth on the world community if it became widely known would
undermine the ability of the nations of Earth to maintain geopolitical
order.[27] Dr. Pierre Guerin's reflections if true, compromise
humanities evolutionary and historical self-perception and undermines
all major human institutions worldwide. Dr. Guerin's views give us
insight to the common denominator that allowed a worldwide cover-up of
the UFO phenomenon's reality to evolve and the reasons for the continued
maintenance of this policy.
Former
CIA official Victor Marchetti spelled out indirectly in 1979 everything
the American people needed to know about the UFO phenomenon. His
reflections are not far distanced from what Dr. Pierre Guerin described
as the reason for the coveup. According to Marchetti, "We have, indeed,
been contacted......and the U.S. government, in collusion with other
national powers of the Earth, is determined to keep this information
from the general public..."
"The
purpose of the international conspiracy is to maintain a workable
stability among the nations of the world and for them, in turn, to
retain institutional control over their respective populations. Thus,
for these governments to admit that there are beings from outerspace...
with mentalities and technological capabilities obviously far superior
to ours, could, once fully perceived by the average person, erode the
foundations of the earth's traditional power structure. Political and
legal systems, religions, economic and social institutions could all
become meaningless in the mind of the public. The national oligarchical
establishments, even civilization as we now know it, could collapse into
anarchy..." "Such extreme conclusions are not necessarily valid, but
they probably accurately reflect the fears of the 'ruling class' of the
major nations, whose leaders (particularly those in the intelligence
business) have always advocated excessive governmental secrecy as being
necessary to preserve "national security."[28]
It was
not until the 19th century did people correctly interpret the meaning of
the fossil record and become aware of the fact that dinosaurs actually
inhabited the earth millions of years in the past. Secret CIA records
obtained through the freedom of information act reveal that CIA analysts
were able to determine from Neanderthal petroglyphs that the UFO
phenomenon's presence dates back at least 50,000 years in human history.
[29] It seems highly unlikely that the oldest record of UFO
manifestations observed in Neanderthal petroglyphs represents the
beginning of the phenomenon's appearance on Earth. UFOs can be
interpreted as a "fossil" like record of a technology that represents an
older non human intelligence here on earth.
In a
unique international cooperation among the world's nations, as evidenced
by IGY, the phenomenon's reality is aggressively prohibited from
entering the public domain. This intelligence operates high technology
multiphibious aerial machinery equivalent to a flying submarine. This
earth intelligence routinely investigates human activity. The
phenomenon's appearance in the art record is extensive. This is
evidenced in petroglyfs, frescos, early enameled paintings, literary
accounts, and photography from 50,000 BC to modern time.
The true
reasons why the phenomenon's reality is continually denied by science,
art, the humanities, the military, government, and religious
institutions worldwide can now be viewed in a new light. It appears both
the earth's governments and the intelligence responsible for the
observed UFO phenomenon, find exposure of the phenomenon's reality to
humanities self-concept mutually threatening. A "secret war" has
developed between the world's political institutions and a native
non-human earth intelligence. The continued concealment of this
relationship in time should prove to have unimaginable consequence for
coming generations.
August 14, 1999
Hank Worbetz
Miami, FL.
References
1. Gross, Loren E., "UFOs A History Vol.
2: 1948", 1990, Arcturus. 2. Gross, Loren E., "UFOs A History,
April-July, 1950, 1990, Arcturus Ruppelt, Edward J. , "The Report On
Unidentified Flying Objects", 1956, Doubleday 4. Deneault, Harold and
Lore, Gorden. "Mysteries Of The Skies", 1968, Prentice-Hall 5.
Sanderson, Ivan T., "Invisible Residents", 1970, World 6. "Tesla Has A
Message From The Stars", Western Electrician, January 12, 1901 7.
Jackson, C. D. and Hohman, R. E., "An Historic Report On Life In Space:
Telsa, Marconi, Todd", 1962 report to the American Rocket Society
8. "Seeks Sign From Mars In 30 Foot Radio
Film", New York Times, August 28, 1924 9. 'Code Expert Ready For
Message", New York Times, August 23, 1924 10. Kahn, David, "The
Codebreakers: The Story Of Secret Writing", 1968, Macmillan 11. Edwards,
Frank, "Flying Saucers Serious Business", 1966, Batam 12. Friedman,
Stanton, 'The Final Report On MJ-12", Fund for UFO Research, April 1990
13. Menzel, Donald H., "Flying Saucers", 1953, Putnam 14. Wilkins, H.T.,
"Flying Saucers Uncensored", 1955, Citadel 15." Personal communications
with Chetö Grusinski," 1996 16. Personal conversations with witness,
name withheld, 1997 17. Ruppelt, Edward J., "The Report On Unidentified
Flying Objects", 1956, Doubleday 18. Hill, Paul R., "Unconventional
Flying Objects" 1995, Hampton Roads 19. Deneault, Harold and Lore,
Gorden, "Mysteries Of The Skies", 1968, Prentice-Hall 20. Wilkins, H.T.,
"Flying Saucers Uncensored", 1955, Citadel 21. Sanderson, Ivan T.,
"Invisible Residents", 1970, World 22. Greene, Vaughn, "Astronauts Of
Ancient Japan", 1978, Merlin Engine Works 23. Miami Herald, May 11, 1952
24. Electronic News, April 16, 1967
25. Sanderson, Ivan T., "Invisible
Residents", 1970, World 26. Fawcett, Lawrence, Greenwood, Barry J., "The
UFO Cover-Up",1984, Simon and Schuster 27. Guerin, P., FSR, vol. 25, No.
1, 1979
28. Marchetti, Victor, "How The CIA Views
The UFO Phenomenon", "Second Look", Vol. 1, No. 7, May,1979
29. Fawcett, Lawrence., Greenwood, Barry
J., "The UFO Cover-Up', 1984, Simon and Schuster
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