Levitation
has been
elevated
from being
pure science
fiction to
science
fact,
according to
a study
reported
today by
physicists.
In earlier
work the
same team of
theoretical
physicists
showed that
invisibility
cloaks are
feasible.
Now, in
another
report that
sounds like
it comes out
of the pages
of a Harry
Potter book,
the
University
of St
Andrews team
has created
an
'incredible
levitation
effects’ by
engineering
the force of
nature which
normally
causes
objects to
stick
together.
Professor
Ulf
Leonhardt
and Dr
Thomas
Philbin,
from the
University
of St
Andrews in
Scotland,
have worked
out a way of
reversing
this
pheneomenon,
known as the
Casimir
force, so
that it
repels
instead of
attracts.
Their
discovery
could
ultimately
lead to
frictionless
micro-machines
with moving
parts that
levitate But
they say
that, in
principle at
least, the
same effect
could be
used to
levitate
bigger
objects too,
even a
person.
The Casimir
force is a
consequence
of quantum
mechanics,
the theory
that
describes
the world of
atoms and
subatomic
particles
that is not
only the
most
successful
theory of
physics but
also the
most
baffling.
The force is
due to
neither
electrical
charge or
gravity, for
example, but
the
fluctuations
in
all-pervasive
energy
fields in
the
intervening
empty space
between the
objects and
is one
reason atoms
stick
together,
also
explaining a
“dry glue”
effect that
enables a
gecko to
walk across
a ceiling.
Now, using a
special lens
of a kind
that has
already been
built, Prof
Ulf
Leonhardt
and Dr
Thomas
Philbin
report in
the New
Journal of
Physics they
can engineer
the Casimir
force to
repel,
rather than
attact.
Because the
Casimir
force causes
problems for
nanotechnologists,
who are
trying to
build
electrical
circuits and
tiny
mechanical
devices on
silicon
chips, among
other
things, the
team
believes the
feat could
initially be
used to stop
tiny objects
from
sticking to
each other.
Prof
Leonhardt
explained,
“The Casimir
force is the
ultimate
cause of
friction in
the nano-world,
in
particular
in some
microelectromechanical
systems.
Such systems
already play
an important
role - for
example tiny
mechanical
devices
which
triggers a
car airbag
to inflate
or those
which power
tiny 'lab on
chip’
devices used
for drugs
testing or
chemical
analysis.
Micro or
nano
machines
could run
smoother and
with less or
no friction
at all if
one can
manipulate
the force.”
Though it is
possible to
levitate
objects as
big as
humans,
scientists
are a long
way off
developing
the
technology
for such
feats, said
Dr Philbin.
The
practicalities
of designing
the lens to
do this are
daunting but
not
impossible
and
levitation
“could
happen over
quite a
distance”.
Prof
Leonhardt
leads one of
four teams -
three of
them in
Britain - to
have put
forward a
theory in a
peer-reviewed
journal to
achieve
invisibility
by making
light waves
flow around
an object -
just as a
river flows
undisturbed
around a
smooth rock.